ABSTRACT
The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the fresh and dried leaves of Lippia gracillis Schauer, Verbenaceae, was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC⁄MS). The yield of essential oil extracted from the dried leaves was significantly higher (p<0.05) when compared to the fresh leaves. Seventeen components were identified. The monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons with 96.26 percent (w/w) of the total oil obtained of fresh leaves and 86.99 percent (w/w) of the total oil obtained of dried leaves were the principal compound groups. Thymol was observed dominant (44.42 percent; 21.3 percent), followed by carvacrol (22.21 percent; 21.30 percent), p-cymene (6.23 percent; 8.58 percent), α-pinene (5.65 percent; 19.42 percent), β-caryophyllene (5.61 percent; 3.57 percent) and other minor constitutes, respectively. Microbiological results obtained by agar diffusion method, micro dilution method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed that the essential oil has a relevant antimicrobial activity against E. coli (ATCC 10536), E. coli (Ec 27), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), S. aureus (ATCC 12692) and S. aureus (Sa 358), with their inhibition zones ranging from 9 to 13 mm and the MIC ranging from 64 to 512 μg/mL.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Gentamicins/pharmacology , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Volatilization , Zanthoxylum/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Volatilization , Zanthoxylum/chemistryABSTRACT
Os óleos essenciais de Lantana camara L. e Lantana sp., Verbenaceae, foram obtidos por hidrodestilação e seus componentes analisados por CG/EM. Tal procedimento analítico revelou a predominância dos sesquiterpenos, biciclogermacreno (19,42 por cento), isocariofileno (16,70 por cento), valenceno (12,94 por cento) e germacreno D (12,34 por cento) no óleo de L. camara, enquanto o biciclogermacreno (13,93 por cento), germancreno D (27,54 e β-cariofileno (31,50 por cento), por cento) destacaram-se como majoritários no óleo de Lantana sp. Os dois óleos foram submetidos a avaliação de atividades antibacteriana e de toxicidade usando as larvas de Artemia salina. Os resultados mostraram considerável atividade antibacteriana do óleo de L. camara, principalmente para Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 13315) e Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). O óleo de Lantana sp. mostrou-se mais significativo contra Sthaphylococcus aureus (ATCC 10390). As atividades de toxicidade CL50 revelaram resultados inferiores ao limite padrão de 1000 μg/mL.
The essential oils from Lantana camara L. and Lantana sp. Verbenaceae, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. This GC/MS analysis revealed the sesquiterpenoids bicyclogermacrene (19.42 percent), isocaryophyllene (16.70 percent), valencene (12.94 percent) and germacrene D (12.34 percent) as majoritaries in the essential oil of L. camara, and bicyclogermacrene (13.93 percent), germacrene D (27.54 and β-caryophyllene (31.50 percent) in the essential oil from Lantana sp. The two essential oils were evaluated to antibacterial activity and toxicity using Artemia salina. The results revealed considerable antibacterial activity for essential oil from L. camara, meanly for Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 13315) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). The essential oil of Lantana sp. showed major activity for Sthaphylococcus aureus (ATCC 10390). The evaluation of toxicity CL50 revealed results with minor values to limit pattern of 1000 μg/mL.
ABSTRACT
Tendo em vista que bactérias resistentes a antimicrobianos representam um desafi o no tratamento de infecções, é notória a necessidade de encontrar novas substâncias com propriedades antimicrobianas para serem utilizadas no combate a esses microrganismos. Este trabalho relataa avaliação da atividade antibacteriana, toxicidade e identifi cação dos componentes químicos do óleo essencial de Croton zehntneri (variedade estragol), planta utilizada na medicina popular como calmante e estimulante do apetite. A atividade antimicrobiana e a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) foram determinadas pelo método de difusão em discos. A avaliação da toxicidade foi realizada frente à Artemia salina com resultado considerado ativo (CL50 < 100 μg/mL). O óleo essencial das folhas apresentou atividade antibacteriana frente a todas as bactérias testadas exceto contra Salmonella typhimurium, sendo o melhor resultado frente a Shigella fl exneri com CIM de 50 μg/mL. A análise da composição química foi obtida por cromatografi a gasosa acoplada aespectrometria de massa (CG/EM) e permitiu identifi car um total de 97,4% dos componentes, com presença majoritária de estragol (76,8%). A presença de tal constituinte nos impulsiona a realização de estudos com outras bactérias, já que o estragol foi anteriormente relatado como sendo responsável por atividades antibacterianas.
Observing that bacteria resistant to antimicrobials represent a challenge in the treatment of infections, it is notoriousthe need of fi nding new substances with antimicrobial features to be used in the fi ght against these microorganisms. This work relates the evaluation of the antibacterial activity, toxicity andidentifi cation of the chemical components of the essential oil of Croton zehntneri (variety estragol), plant used in the popular medicine as tranquilizer and appetite stimulant. The antimicrobialactivity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined by the method of diffusion in discs. The evaluation of the toxicity was held through brine shrimp test with results considered active (LC50 < 100 μg/mL). The essential oil of leaves presented antibacterial activity with all the bacteria tested except with Salmonlla typhimurium, being the best result with the Shigella fl exneri with MIC of 50 μg/mL. The analysis of the chemical composition was obtained by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and permitted to identify a total of 97.4 % of the components, with major presence of estragol (76.8%). The presence of the latter drives us to studies with other bacteria, as the estragol was previously reported as being responsible forantibacterial activities.